Hal-Hal yang Menjadi Pembatal Puasa Bila Berobat Ketika Sakit

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Tentunya tak ada yang ingin jatuh sakit. Namun hal itu bisa saja terjadi karena berbagai sebab yang terkadang mungkin tidak kita sadari.

Karena itu penting untuk kita ketahui, bila tiba-tiba dibulan Ramadhan ini kita, atau ada salah satu anggota kelurga yang tiba - tiba sakit dan bagaimana dengan puasa kita, bila berobat misal harus dianastesi, suntik, atau hingga tranfusi darah.

Berikut penjelasannya dikutip dari muslimafiyah.com, disarikan dari buku "FIKIH KESEHATAN KONTEMPORER TERKAIT PUASA DAN RAMADHAN" oleh dr. Raehanul Bahraen

Berikut ringkasan dari pembatal puasa di zaman modern, para ulama kontemporer dan sebagian dokter telah membahasnya.

A. # Mengenai suntikan
Perlu diketahui suntikan ada tiga jenis:

1.Suntikan melalui kulit (Intra cutan) misalnya suntikan Insulin: TIDAK membatalkan puasa

2.Suntikan melalui otot (Intra muscular) misalnya suntik antihistamin dan beberapa jenis vaksinasi : TIDAK membatalkan puasa

3.Suntikan melalui pembuluh darah (intra vena) misalnya antinyeri, infus dan vitamin

Maka ini dirinci:

1.Suntikan bukan makanan misalnya antinyeri dan antihistamin: TIDAK membatalkan puasa

2.Suntikan yang mengandung makanan atau zat makanan misalnya suntikan glukosa atau infus : MEMBATALKAN puasa

B. # Memberikan donor darah dan menerima transfusi darah;
Memberikan donor darah: TIDAK membatalkan puasa

Menerima transfusi darah: MEMBATALKAN puasa (termasuk di dalamnya cuci darah dengan menerima darah dari orang lain).

C.# Mengenai Bau Mulut orang puasa
Sebagian orang salah paham, yang benar bahwa bau mulut orang puasa berasal dari uap perut yang naik ke atas, bukan dari bau mulut. Ini sudah dibuktikan dengan ilmu kedokteran dan penjelasan ulama. Sehingga disarankan tetap bersiwak atau membersihkan gigi/mulut ketika berpuasa.

D.# Merokok MEMBATALKAN puasa

E .# Inhaler dan nebulizer TIDAK membatalkan puasa

F.# Celak, Lipstik (pelembab bibir) dan make-up TIDAK membatalkan puasa

G.# Pembatal puasa terkait dengan hidung
Tetes hidung TIDAK membatalkan puasa

Semprot hidung TIDAK membatalkan puasa

H.# Pembatal puasa terkait dengan Mata

Tetes mata TIDAK membatalkan puasa

I.# Pembatal puasa terkait dengan Telinga;

Tetes telinga TIDAK membatalkan puasa

Bilas Telinga (misalnya membersihkan kotoran/serumen) TIDAK membatalkan puasa

J.# Memakai obat kumur TIDAK membatalkan puasa asalkan dijaga agar tidak tertelan

K.# Menelan sisa makanan dengan tidak sengaja TIDAK memba talkan puasa

L.# Boleh berobat ke dokter gigi, suntikan, obat dan darah atau yang tidak sengaja tertelan TIDAK membatalkan puasa

M.# Sakit kemudian meninggal di Bulan Ramadhan, maka statusnya puasanya:

-Hutang puasa Ramadhan karena sakit kemudian meninggal tidak diqadha, tetapi bayar fidyah. Karena pendapat terkuat qadha puasa hanya untuk puasa nadzar.

– Jika sakit dan meninggal di tengah bulan Ramadhan, tidak ada hutang puasa dan tidak ada fidyah

– Jika sakit di bulan Ramadhan tidak sempat meng-qadha (tidak sengaja melambatkan), yaitu sempat sembuh sebentar ketika Ramadhan selesai , atau sempat meng-qadha tetapi baru sebagian. Maka sisanya tidak teranggap hutang puasa dan tidak ada fidyah

– Jika sakit di bulan Ramadhan kemudian sempat sembuh dan sengaja melambatkan qadha. Keluarganya/walinya membayarkan fidyah

N.# Pengambilan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium TIDAK membatalkan puasa

O.# Persediaan darah di PMI menipis ketika bulan Ramadhan

Memberikan donor tidaklah membatalkan puasa. Untuk menangani masalah ini perlu kerjasama antara pemerintah, tokoh agama dan tenaga kesehatan. Perlu ada sosialisasi dari pemerintah dibantu dengan tokoh agama dan eksekusi yang baik dari tenaga kesehatan ketika bertugas. Semoga permasalahan terbatasnya stok darah selama bulan Ramadhan tidak terjadi lagi. Sehingga membuat tenang para petugas medis dan bisa memberikan bantuan medis secepatnya kepada pasien.

P.# Cara puasa orang terkena penyakit epilepsi

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFLV_-Sbbg8bgltlB_l3TKEvjGvHcWoisVmGcUBhXOQUPNCXz9M9ix5LUW9SOlthb2AtzOXGwjG9Hxrdg0-7Aej-1-l81aJkEzQyRe0KVEh-bjav-upWhy8Ee4a8O_FKhaHyb28qQRsB0t/s1600/1000x500+%25282%2529.png

Jika sedang kambuh, puasanya bisa dibatalkan. Jika sadar dan tidak kambuh meng-qadha puasa Ramadhannya. Jika tidak mampu karena seringnya kambuh, bisa membayar fidyah saja.

Q.# Vaksinasi di bulan Ramadhan

Suntikan vaksinasi TIDAK membatalkan puasa. Vaksinasi hukumnya mubah dan secara kedokteran bermanfaat

R. # Pembatal puasa terkait dengan anestesi (pembiusan)

1. Anestesi melalui hidung dengan menghirup gas anestesi TIDAK membatalkan puasa

2. Anestesi kering (akupuntur Cina) dengan menggunakan jarum kering TIDAK membatalkan puasa.

3. Anestesi melalui suntikan. Sudah dibaha s di pembahasan suntikan

Mengenai hilangnya kesadaran selama anestesi:
1.tidak sadar sehari penuh (selama waktu diwajibkan puasa), puasanya TIDAK sah.

1.tidak sadar hanya beberapa saat (tidak penuh selama waktu diwajibkan puasa), puasanya SAH.

S.Pemeriksaan Intravagina dan obat Intravagina TIDAK membatalkan puasa dan tidakperlu mandi wajib (mandi junub)

Ringakasan dari buku “Fikh Kesehatan Kontemporer Puasa Ramadhan” terbitan Kesehatan Muslim

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